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Subfamily: Dolichoderinae

Name Status: Valid Name

Taxonomic Hierarchy:

Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2013)

Extant: 4 tribes, 28 genera, 705 species, 133 subspecies

Fossil: 2 tribes, 16 genera, 108 species

Dolichoderidae Forel, 1878c PDF: 364 Type-genus: Dolichoderus. AntCat AntWiki

Taxonomic history

Dolichoderinae as family: Emery, 1894h: 378 [Dolichoderidae]; Ashmead, 1905c PDF: 384 [Dolichoderidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941 PDF: 94 [Dolichoderidae]; Bernard, 1951c: 1071 [Dolichoderidae]; Bernard, 1953b PDF: 255 [Dolichoderidae].

Dolichoderinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1882a: 127 [Dolichoderidae].

Dolichoderinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Forel, 1878c PDF: 364 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Nasonov, 1889: 26 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1892k PDF: 220 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1893b PDF: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Forel, 1895b PDF: 107 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery, 1895l PDF: 771 [subfamily spelled Dolichoderini]; Emery, 1896e PDF: 186; Forel, 1899b: 98; Bingham, 1903 PDF: 288; Wheeler, 1910a PDF: 142; Emery, 1913a PDF: 2; Arnold, 1915: 143; Wheeler, 1915i PDF: 71; Wheeler, 1915h PDF: 811 [Dolichoderides]; Arnold, 1915: 143; Donisthorpe, 1915f: 178; Forel, 1917 PDF: 247; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Dolichoderini]; Bondroit, 1918 PDF: 86 [Dolichoderitae]; Wheeler, 1920 PDF: 53; Wheeler, 1922: 199; Borgmeier, 1923: 80; Karavaiev, 1936: 163; Smith, 1951c: 833; Clark, 1951 PDF: 16; Brown, 1954e: 29; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 266; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1972a PDF: 41; Brown, 1973b: 169; all subsequent authors.

Dolichoderinae as formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003 PDF: 18, 80.

Dolichoderinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102.

Dolichoderinae as formicoid dolichoderomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007C PDF: 556.

Tribes (extant) of Dolichoderinae: Bothriomyrmecini, Dolichoderini, Leptomyrmecini, Tapinomini.

Tribes (extinct) of Dolichoderinae: †Miomyrmecini, †Zherichiniini.

Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Dolichoderinae: †Alloiomma, †Asymphylomyrmex, †Elaeomyrmex, †Elaphrodites, †Eldermyrmex, †Emplastus, †Eotapinoma, †Eurymyrmex, †Kotshkorkia, †Leptomyrmula, †Miomyrmex, †Petraeomyrmex, †Proiridomyrmex, †Protazteca, †Zherichinius.

Subfamily Dolichoderinae and tribes references, world

Forel, 1878c PDF: 364, 380 (diagnosis, genera); Dalla Torre, 1893: 156 (catalogue); Emery, 1895l PDF: 771 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896e PDF: 186 (genera key); Handlirsch, 1907: 869 (*fossil taxa catalogue); Wheeler, 1910a PDF: 142 (diagnosis); Emery, 1913a PDF: 2, 6 (diagnosis, tribe key, catalogue); Emery, 1913a PDF: 17 (Tapinomini diagnosis, genera key, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 144, (diagnosis); Gallardo, 1916b PDF: 3 (diagnosis); Forel, 1917 PDF: 247 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 136 (diagnosis); Wheeler, 1922: 199, 687, 688 (diagnosis, tribe key, Tapinomini genera key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 127 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 29 (phylogeny); Pavan, 1955: 135 (gastral organs); Eisner, 1957 PDF: 453 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967a PDF: 246 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 118 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1972a PDF: 41 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 169 (genera & distribution); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b PDF: 61 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, 1981: 401 (synoptic classification); Dazzini Valcurone & Fanfani, 1985: 1 (gastral glands); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b PDF: 258 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986b: 173 (Dufour's gland); Billen, 1987a: 278 (abdominal glands); Baroni Urbani & Wilson, 1987: 1 (*fossil Leptomyrmecini); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992 PDF: 316 (phylogeny); Shattuck, 1992b PDF: 199 (higher classification, phylogeny); Shattuck, 1992c PDF: 20 (revision of subfamily, genera key); Shattuck, 1994 PDF: 3 (catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 22 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Shattuck, 1995 PDF: 217 (phylogeny, genera); Bolton, 1995a PDF: 1038 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 10 (catalogue); Wenseleers, Schoeters, et al. 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Brandão, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1999: 411 (phylogeny, genera); Chiotis, Jermiin & Crozier, 2000: 108 (phylogeny, genera); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003 PDF: 416 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Bolton, 2003 PDF: 18, 80 (diagnosis, synopsis); Dubovikov, 2005a: 91 (tribes of Dolichoderinae); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 342 (phylogeny, tribe-rank classification); Keller, 2011 PDF: 1 (morphology, phylogeny).

Regional and national faunas with keys

André, 1882a: 127 (Europe & Algeria); Nasonov, 1889: 50 (Russia); Forel, 1891c PDF: 9 (Madagascar genera); Forel, 1895f PDF: 460 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903 PDF: 288 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 102 (Russian Empire); Bondroit, 1910 PDF: 488 (Belgium); Wheeler, 1910a PDF: 560 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914 PDF: 77 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915 PDF: 34 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 40 (Switzerland); Arnold, 1915: 145 (South Africa); Donisthorpe, 1915f: 178 (Britain); Gallardo, 1916b PDF: 12 (Argentina); Emery, 1916a PDF: 208 (Italy); Wheeler, 1916r: 589 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918 PDF: 86 (France & Belgium); Gallardo, 1919b PDF: 253 (Argentina genera); Soudek, 1922b PDF: 58 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 117 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927d: 271 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927c: 199 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930 PDF: 172 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933a: 600 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b PDF: 90 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1936: 164 (Ukraine); Smith, 1937 PDF: 861 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 209 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941b: 94 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941 PDF: 94 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 370 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, 1943e PDF: 309 (U.S.A. males); Buren, 1944a PDF: 290 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, 1947f PDF: 592 (U.S.A. genera); Creighton, 1950a PDF: 330 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956a PDF: 27 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 29 (New Zealand); Kusnezov, 1959 PDF: 40 (Neotropical genera); Gregg, 1963: 341 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1963: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Bernard, 1967a PDF: 246 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967b PDF: 17 (Polynesia); Bolton, 1973a PDF: 329 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Boven, 1970b: 24 (Netherlands); Snelling & Hunt, 1975 PDF: 90 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976 PDF: 118 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 123 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 170 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 546 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978 PDF: 80 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979 PDF: 32 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 28 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981 PDF: 420 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984 PDF: 80 (Neotropical genera); Gösswald, 1985: 314 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985 PDF: 242 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g PDF: 55 (U.S.A., Nevada); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b PDF: 278 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990 PDF: 168 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 152 (Far Eastern Russia); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 2 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 49 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 147 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994 PDF: 70 (Armenia); Wu & Wang, 1995a: 115 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 331 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 PDF: 359 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996B: 161 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 40 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 20 (Portugal); Kim & Kim K, 1999 PDF: 18 (Korea); Shattuck, 1999: 26, 64 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 59 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001A PDF: 149 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002 PDF: 134 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 54 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002B: 425 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & MacKay, 2002 PDF: 221 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003: 239 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 186 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 102 (U.S.A., Ohio); Clouse, 2007B: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 147 (North and Central Europe); Fisher, 2009A PDF: 51 (Malagasy genera); Terayama, 2009 PDF: 196 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009 PDF: 28 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 14 (Benelux); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011 PDF: 7 (Malagasy males key); General & Alpert, 2012 PDF: 70 (Philippines genera key).

Subfamily Dolichoderinae and tribes references, world

Regional and national faunas with keys

Identification:

Like the Formicinae (q.v.), the members of this subfamily lack a postpetiole and a functional sting. The antennal sockets are adjacent to the posterior margin of the clypeus, and the apex of the abdomen has a slit-shaped orifice, rather than an acidopore. As in the Formicinae, the clypeus is broad, the eyes are usually well developed, the antennal insertions are not wholly concealed by the frontal carinae, and the promesonotal suture is present and generally flexible.

Notes:

Although less species-rich than the Formicinae, dolichoderine ants are often among the dominant species in an ant community. About a dozen species occur in California.